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The use of AI systems for ‘real-time’ remote biometric identification of
natural persons in publicly accessible spaces for the purpose of law enforcement is particularly
intrusive to the rights and freedoms of the concerned persons, to the extent that it may affect
the private life of a large part of the population, evoke a feeling of constant
surveillance and indirectly dissuade the exercise of the freedom of assembly and other
fundamental rights. Technical inaccuracies of AI systems intended for the remote biometric
identification of natural persons can lead to biased results and entail discriminatory effects.
Such possible biased results and discriminatory effects are particularly relevant with regard to
age, ethnicity, race, sex or disabilities. In addition, the immediacy of the impact and the
limited opportunities for further checks or corrections in relation to the use of such systems
operating in real-time carry heightened risks for the rights and freedoms of the persons
concerned in the context of, or impacted by, law enforcement activities.
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