a person and children sitting on a bench

Parental protections

We have written about the enhanced pregnancy protections in our earlier articles. The Act empowers the making of regulations concerning dismissal (not only redundancy) during and after pregnancy, specifying procedures, evidence requirements, consequences, and interactions with pay calculations. Parallel changes extend dismissal-protection across maternity, adoption, shared parental and neonatal contexts.

New born baby and mother

However, it is clear that absolute protection against dismissal during pregnancy is both undesirable and unworkable: it would prevent employers from dismissing in cases of gross misconduct, fundamental breach of trust and confidence, or criminality. Pregnancy dismissal exceptions and procedures must therefore carve out permissible grounds whilst maintaining robust protection against discriminatory dismissals. Striking this balance through secondary legislation will be challenging.

Part of the problem here is that much is already covered by discrimination law, and it is hard to see the particular mischief that the Act seeks to cure. Implementation must carefully codify exceptions and evidential rules to prevent overreach or confusion. Consultation on "specified circumstances" for permissible dismissal, start and end of protection, and coverage of other family leaves is ongoing, with implementation expected in 2027.

a person and child walking on a hill

The interaction with existing discrimination law under the Equality Act 2010 creates potential for confusion and satellite litigation. Pregnancy and maternity are already protected characteristics, with established case law on direct discrimination, unfavourable treatment, and reasonable adjustments. The Act's new dismissal protections will operate alongside - not replace - these existing frameworks. Claimants may pursue parallel claims under both regimes, whilst employers must work with overlapping procedural requirements and evidential standards.

In addition to the above specific dismissal protections, the Government has started a wide ranging consultation on parental leave and pay, with a view to making significant changes in due course.